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Yemen

Yemen is a country located at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, Oman to the east, the Red Sea to the west, and the Arabian Sea to the south. Yemen has a rich cultural and historical heritage, but it is currently experiencing one of the most severe humanitarian crises in the world due to a prolonged civil war.

Key Facts:
Capital: Sana'a (although Aden is the temporary capital due to the civil war).
Population: About 32 million people (2021 estimate).
Official Language: Arabic.
Religion: Predominantly Islam, with both Sunni and Shia sects.
Currency: Yemeni rial (YER).

Geography
Yemen is geographically diverse with beatuiful and varied natural scenery. , with a mix of coastal plains, rugged mountains, and desert landscapes.  The Hadhramaut region in the east is one of the largest provinces, featuring desert and mountainous areas. The highlands, including Sana'a, have a temperate climate, while   the coastal regions are hot and humid.

History
Yemen has been a historically important region due to its location along major trade routes.  The Kingdom of Sheba (or Saba') was one of the earliest known civilizations in the region. Later, it became part of the Islamic Caliphates after the 7th century.

But Yemeni trade routes are still an important issue.

In the 20th century, Yemen was   divided into two states : North Yemen and South Yemen, which unified in 1990. However, tensions between the north and south persisted.

Yemen has been embroiled in a civil war since 2014 when Houthi rebels, supported by Iran, took control of the capital Sana’a, ousting the internationally recognized government of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.

Civil War and Humanitarian Crisis
 In 2015, a Saudi-led coalition intervened, leading to a protracted conflict. This war has led to widespread destruction, famine, and a collapse of the healthcare system.

Economy
Yemen is one of the poorest countries in the Middle East. Its economy has traditionally relied on agriculture and small-scale industries, but it also has modest oil and gas reserves. The ongoing conflict has devastated the economy, leading to high unemployment and poverty rates.

One of Yemens most famous products is coffee. Also for its special method of brewing it. 

Culture
Yemen has a rich cultural heritage, including impressive ancient architecture like the mud-brick high-rises of Shibam (often called the "Manhattan of the Desert") and the historic city of Sana'a, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Yemen is also known for its unique style of dress for women and men, traditional music, and khat, a mild stimulant plant widely chewed in social settings.