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Oman - World Mnemonic Atlas

Oman is a country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, known for its rich history, strategic location, and diverse landscapes ranging from deserts to coastlines and mountains.

Key Facts

Geography
Oman is bordered by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen, with coastlines along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. It controls the Strait of Hormuz, a crucial maritime passage for global oil shipments.

History
Ancient Oman: Oman has a long history, with evidence of early settlements and maritime trade dating back to ancient times. It was historically known for its role in frankincense trade and as a seafaring nation. Islamic History: Oman adopted Islam in the 7th century and became an important center for the Ibadi sect, which remains the dominant form of Islam in the country today. Portuguese Rule: In the 16th century, the Portuguese colonized parts of Oman, including Muscat, for its strategic maritime position, but were expelled by Omani forces in the 17th century. Omani Empire: During the 18th and 19th centuries, Oman was a powerful empire that controlled territories along the East African coast, including Zanzibar. The Omani Sultanate's influence extended across the Indian Ocean, focusing on trade, particularly in slaves and spices. British Influence: In the 19th century, Oman entered into treaties with Britain, becoming a British protectorate while maintaining nominal independence. This lasted until Oman gained full sovereignty in 1970.

Modern Oman
In 1970, Sultan Qaboos bin Said overthrew his father in a bloodless coup and initiated modernization programs, transforming Oman from an isolated country into a relatively prosperous nation with improved infrastructure, healthcare, and education. Sultan Qaboos ruled until his death in 2020. Sultan Haitham bin Tariq continues his predecessor's policies of maintaining good relations with both Western and regional powers and promoting economic diversification.

Economy
Oman's economy has traditionally relied on oil and natural gas production, but like other Gulf states, it is working to diversify. The government has invested in sectors such as tourism, logistics, agriculture, and mining through its Vision 2040 economic plan. NOTE: Oman is less oil-dependent compared to some of its neighbors, and the government has promoted private sector growth to create more jobs for its youthful population.

Culture and Society
Oman is known for its conservative and traditional culture, though it is more moderate and open compared to some other Gulf nations. The country follows the Ibadi branch of Islam, which emphasizes tolerance and peace. Oman's heritage is reflected in its architecture, traditional dress, and festivals. The country is also famous for its ancient forts, traditional souqs (markets), and handicrafts.

Foreign Policy
Oman has a long-standing reputation for neutrality in regional and international conflicts. It has acted as a mediator in several disputes, including the Iran nuclear negotiations. Unlike its Gulf neighbors, Oman maintains friendly relations with both Iran and the Western world, often playing a balancing role in regional geopolitics.

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