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Vietnam - World Mnemonic Atla

Equatorial Guinea is a small country (28,052 km2), famous for having among Africa's largest GDP per capita, located on the west coast of Central Africa. Despite its name, only part of it lies on the equator. The country has a rich and complex history, a rapidly developing economy due to its oil wealth, and a unique geographical composition. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo has ruled since 1979.

Key Facts:

Geography
Equatorial Guinea consists of two main parts:

Continental Region (Rio Muni): This is on the mainland and borders Gabon and Cameroon.
Insular Region: Includes several islands, the largest of which is Bioko, home to the capital city, Malabo. Another significant island is Annobón.

Economy
Equatorial Guinea's economy has undergone significant growth, largely due to the discovery of offshore oil reserves in the 1990s, making it one of the richest African countries by GDP per capita. Despite this wealth, there are significant challenges, including high levels of poverty and corruption.

Agriculture: Although less prominent, the country also produces timber, cocoa, coffee, and seafood. Infrastructure and Development: The government has invested in improving infrastructure, including roads, buildings, and airports, but much of the population remains underdeveloped in terms of healthcare and education.

History
Pre-Colonial and Colonial Era: The area that is now Equatorial Guinea was once inhabited by various ethnic groups, including the Bubi people on Bioko Island and the Fang people on the mainland. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive, but in the 18th century, Spain took control. Independence: Equatorial Guinea gained independence from Spain in 1968. The country's first president was Francisco Macías Nguema, but his regime was marked by severe oppression and human rights abuses. He was overthrown by his nephew, Teodoro Obiang Nguema, in a 1979 coup. Modern History: Under President Obiang, the country discovered oil in the 1990s, transforming its economy. However, the country has faced criticism for authoritarian rule, lack of political freedoms, and corruption.

Politics
Equatorial Guinea is considered an authoritarian state, with little tolerance for political opposition or dissent. President Obiang's government has been widely criticized by international human rights organizations for abuses, including suppression of freedom of speech, and poor human rights records.

Culture
The country’s culture is a mix of African, Spanish, and colonial influences. Spanish is the main language of education and government, reflecting the country's colonial past. Equatorial Guinea is predominantly Christian (Roman Catholic), but traditional beliefs are also significant. Some important cultural elements include: Music and Dance: Fang music and the traditional Balélé dance are widely practiced. Festivals: Equatorial Guinea celebrates a range of national and religious holidays, with Independence Day on October 12 being one of the most important. Challenges:

Human Rights
The country faces significant international criticism for its lack of press freedom and political oppression. Economic Inequality: Despite its high GDP per capita, wealth is concentrated among the elite, with much of the population living in poverty. Corruption: Transparency International consistently ranks Equatorial Guinea among the most corrupt nations.

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