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Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (1858–1919) was the 26th President of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. He was a prominent figure in the Progressive Era and is known for his domestic policies, foreign affairs, and contributions to conservation.
Early Life
Born: October 27, 1858, in New York City, to a wealthy family. He suffered from asthma as a child, which motivated him to pursue physical fitness and outdoor activities.
Education: Roosevelt attended Harvard University, where he graduated in 1880. He later studied at Columbia Law School but left before completing his degree to pursue a career in public service and writing.
Political Career
State Assemblyman: Roosevelt began his political career as a New York State Assemblyman in 1882.
U.S. Civil Service Commission: He served as a member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission from 1889 to 1895, where he advocated for reform.
New York City Police Commissioner: In 1895, he was appointed Police Commissioner of New York City, where he worked to reform the police force.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy: Roosevelt held this position in 1897 and played a key role in the lead-up to the Spanish-American War.
Presidency
Assuming Office: Roosevelt became President in September 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley. He was the youngest president at the time, taking office at age 42.
Progressive Reforms: He was a leader of the Progressive Movement and implemented several reforms, including:
Trust-Busting: Roosevelt vigorously enforced antitrust laws to break up monopolies, most famously leading the charge against Standard Oil and the Northern Securities Company.
Consumer Protection: His administration passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906, improving food safety standards.
Conservation Efforts: Roosevelt was a passionate conservationist, establishing national parks, forests, and monuments to protect America's natural resources. He created the U.S. Forest Service and signed into law the Antiquities Act, enabling the preservation of historical landmarks and natural areas.
Foreign Policy
Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick: Roosevelt's foreign policy was characterized by a strong military presence and diplomacy. He mediated the end of the Russo-Japanese War, earning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.
Panama Canal: His administration oversaw the construction of the Panama Canal, a major engineering achievement that enhanced global trade and military mobility.
Later Life and Legacy
After leaving office, Roosevelt continued to be active in politics and public life, running for president again in 1912 as a candidate for the Progressive Party, also known as the "Bull Moose Party."
Death: Roosevelt died on January 6, 1919, in Oyster Bay, New York. His legacy includes his contributions to American politics, conservation, and foreign policy, with a lasting impact on the role of the presidency.
