Mohammad

Prophet Muhammad (c. 570–632 CE) is the founder of Islam and regarded by Muslims as the last prophet sent by God to guide humanity. He was born in Mecca (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) into the Quraysh tribe, which was a prominent trading family. His early life was marked by hardship; he was orphaned at a young age and raised by his uncle, Abu Talib.

Early Life and Revelation As a young man, Muhammad became known for his honesty and trustworthiness, earning the nickname Al-Amin ("the Trustworthy"). He worked as a merchant and married Khadijah, a wealthy widow, who was instrumental in supporting him during his early spiritual experiences.

At the age of 40, while meditating in a cave on Mount Hira, Muhammad had his first divine revelation. The angel Gabriel appeared to him and conveyed God's message, instructing him to "recite" (this event is known as the "Night of Power"). These revelations continued over the next 23 years and were later compiled into the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam.

Mission and Teachings Initially, Muhammad preached privately, then publicly, about the oneness of Allah (God) and called for the end of polytheism, idolatry, and corruption in Mecca. He also emphasized the importance of social justice, compassion for the poor, and moral conduct. His monotheistic teachings were met with resistance from the ruling elite in Mecca, which led to persecution.

In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina (known as the Hijra), an event that marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, he established a community based on Islamic principles, acting as both a spiritual and political leader.

Military Campaigns and Consolidation of Islam Muhammad led a series of military campaigns to defend the Muslim community and expand its influence. Key battles include Badr, Uhud, and the Trench. By 630 CE, Muhammad had successfully unified much of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. He returned to Mecca and, in a symbolic gesture, cleansed the Kaaba (a central shrine) of idols, dedicating it to Allah.

Death and Legacy Muhammad died in 632 CE in Medina after completing his Farewell Pilgrimage to Mecca. His death left a significant question about leadership in the Muslim community, leading to the split between Sunni and Shia branches of Islam.

Muhammad's life and sayings, recorded in the Hadith (oral traditions), serve as a model for Muslims worldwide, known as the Sunnah. His teachings form the basis of Islamic law (Sharia) and continue to influence millions globally.

Muhammad is deeply revered in Islam as the Seal of the Prophets, the final messenger in a line that includes Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.